Surgical Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The Surgical Anatomy of the Lymphatic Glands

Surgical Approach to the Adrenal Glands

Any surgeon treating a patient with adrenal disease should be a member of a multi-disciplinary team involving dedicated specialists, including an endocrinologist, anaesthetist, radiologist, intensivist and geneticist. In an era of epidemic numbers of adrenal incidentalomas, great care must be taken to determine not only the endocrine diagnosis, but also the benefits (if any) of adrenal surgery....

The Salivary Glands Surgical Anatomy of the Parotid Salivary Gland

Facial Nerve.The trunk of the facial nerve emerges from the stylomastoid foramen and lies deeply beneath the surface in the angle between the bony external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. It passes forwards around the neck of the condyle of the mandible and rapidly becomes superficial. As it does so, it divides; first into an upper temporofacial division and a lower cervicofacial divis...

Surgical anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

From a surgical viewpoint there are several critical anatomic structures that lie in close proximity to the thyroid gland. These critical structures include the recurrent laryngeal nerves, the superior laryngeal nerves, and the parathyroid glands. Successful thyroid surgery depends on the technical skill of the surgeon to identify and preserve these vital structures.

Surgical anatomy of parathyroid glands with emphasis on parathyroidectomy.

Number, location and surrounding structures of parathyroid glands with emphasis on parathyroidectomy were studied on 101 cadaverous bodies. Number of collected samples from all known locations of parathyroid glands varied from three to five in one individual, with mean 3.71 +/- 0.62. We identified 80% of samples as parathyroid glands. Mean number of correctly identified parathyroid glands in on...